| National Action Plan on Climate Change Issues | ||||||
The National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA), is one of the eight Missions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). It seeks to address issues regarding ‘Sustainable Agriculture’ in the context of risks associated with climate change by devising appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies for ensuring food security, enhancing livelihood opportunities and contributing to economical stability at the national level. The Programme of Action (POA) proposed under the Mission Document would be operationalized by mainstreaming adaptation and mitigation strategies in ongoing research and development programmes and in flagship schemes including; RashtriyaKrishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY), National Horticulture Mission (NHM), National Food security Mission (NFSM) etc. through a process of selective up scaling and course correction measures. The mission document on NMSA has been approved for implementation of various interventions to address the issues of climate change in agriculture sector.
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Thursday, December 2, 2010
GS2
GS
Government has taken following steps to create awareness about the Right to Information Act; (i) launch of awareness generation campaigns through radio, television and print media; (ii) display of posters in Hindi and six regional languages in rural areas; (iii) publication of five Guides on the Act; (iv) providing funds to the State Information Commissions and the State Administrative Training Institutes for awareness generation; (v) launch of logo on RTI; (vi) launch of a portal on RTI etc.
Tuesday, May 25, 2010
Monday, May 24, 2010
PIB Press Release
PIB Press Release: "Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), it is estimated that 1.47 lakh MT of e-waste was generated in the country in the year 2005, which is expected to increase to about 8.00 lakh MT by 2012."
Tuesday, April 6, 2010
writing
Chanakya famously taught young Chandragupta Maurya that it was not enough to cut off an offending plant — you must destroy its roots. The roots of Maoism lie in the deficit of democracy and development in large parts of rural, particularly tribal, India
It is a reflection of India’s swift implementation of a sophisticated Performance Monitoring and Evaluation System for Government departments and the interest shown by the member countries from the region towards an effective, efficient and transparent governance.
Government Performance Management Network to share experiences and emerging regional best practices on an ongoing basis.
Chanakya, the great thinker and administrator, had stated in the Arthashastra that prevention was better than cure and if regular checks and balances were conducted from time to time, economic crises would not occur. It was therefore the duty of the ruler to ensure that accounting was done and auditing took place from time to time. This philosophy was adopted in different measures in subsequent societies and has finally culminated in the institution of the CAG in modern, independent India.
Executive accountability to the legislature is a cornerstone of our democracy. It is also an essential component of good governance. The Comptroller and Auditor General of India, is the instrument of fiscal accountability provided for in the Constitution. His primary role is to report to the Legislature whether the activities of the Government in all financial matters are carried out in accordance with the Constitution and the laws and rules framed thereunder – both in letter and in spirit. He also provides assurance that the sums authorized by the legislature in the budget have been spent for the intended purposes and within the sanctioned limits. The members of the Indian Audit & Accounts Department have the task of assisting the Comptroller and Auditor General to effectively carry out his Constitutional mandate.
The range of Government activities has increase manifold and many players, other than the Central and State Governments, such as local bodies, societies, NGOs and private sector, through public private partnerships, have become partners in the process of development. This has introduced complexities in fund flows, expenditure, accounting and evaluation.
To remain relevant in this rapidly changing world every institution has to consciously review and modernize its procedures and practices.
We should recognise that the objective of the executive and audit are the same, viz. that the aam aadmi gets the greatest benefit. This overarching reality often gets lost in practice. It is a natural tendency to become defensive on audit reports which comment on performance. This phenomenon can be tackled through greater interaction and frequent engagement at different levels as it facilitates an understanding of each other’s view point. I have learnt with great satisfaction that Audit has taken steps in the right direction by highlighting the innovations, good practices and positive aspects noticed in the implementation of programme.
am happy to learn that you have collaborated with the Government in developing a control based risk management framework which is going to be applied in implementing various schemes. This will provide an in-house oversight mechanism which will empower the field level officers to prevent, detect and set the right inefficiencies and leakages by suitable interventions. Consequently, the deliveries should improve. Some of the performance audits done by your department in the recent past also underline the positive interactions and the collaborative approach which has led to effective mid-course corrections that will contribute substantially to the achievement of the overall objectives. Such initiatives will encourage free exchange of information and ideas, leading to better governance.
It is a reflection of India’s swift implementation of a sophisticated Performance Monitoring and Evaluation System for Government departments and the interest shown by the member countries from the region towards an effective, efficient and transparent governance.
Government Performance Management Network to share experiences and emerging regional best practices on an ongoing basis.
Chanakya, the great thinker and administrator, had stated in the Arthashastra that prevention was better than cure and if regular checks and balances were conducted from time to time, economic crises would not occur. It was therefore the duty of the ruler to ensure that accounting was done and auditing took place from time to time. This philosophy was adopted in different measures in subsequent societies and has finally culminated in the institution of the CAG in modern, independent India.
Executive accountability to the legislature is a cornerstone of our democracy. It is also an essential component of good governance. The Comptroller and Auditor General of India, is the instrument of fiscal accountability provided for in the Constitution. His primary role is to report to the Legislature whether the activities of the Government in all financial matters are carried out in accordance with the Constitution and the laws and rules framed thereunder – both in letter and in spirit. He also provides assurance that the sums authorized by the legislature in the budget have been spent for the intended purposes and within the sanctioned limits. The members of the Indian Audit & Accounts Department have the task of assisting the Comptroller and Auditor General to effectively carry out his Constitutional mandate.
The range of Government activities has increase manifold and many players, other than the Central and State Governments, such as local bodies, societies, NGOs and private sector, through public private partnerships, have become partners in the process of development. This has introduced complexities in fund flows, expenditure, accounting and evaluation.
To remain relevant in this rapidly changing world every institution has to consciously review and modernize its procedures and practices.
We should recognise that the objective of the executive and audit are the same, viz. that the aam aadmi gets the greatest benefit. This overarching reality often gets lost in practice. It is a natural tendency to become defensive on audit reports which comment on performance. This phenomenon can be tackled through greater interaction and frequent engagement at different levels as it facilitates an understanding of each other’s view point. I have learnt with great satisfaction that Audit has taken steps in the right direction by highlighting the innovations, good practices and positive aspects noticed in the implementation of programme.
am happy to learn that you have collaborated with the Government in developing a control based risk management framework which is going to be applied in implementing various schemes. This will provide an in-house oversight mechanism which will empower the field level officers to prevent, detect and set the right inefficiencies and leakages by suitable interventions. Consequently, the deliveries should improve. Some of the performance audits done by your department in the recent past also underline the positive interactions and the collaborative approach which has led to effective mid-course corrections that will contribute substantially to the achievement of the overall objectives. Such initiatives will encourage free exchange of information and ideas, leading to better governance.
Thursday, April 1, 2010
writing
Writing a paragraph is not a natural skill, but learned skill. Anyone can learn! Simply follow the structure below. | |||||||||||||||
A paragraph usually contains a general idea in one sentence, and 4 - 5 supporting sentences which expand this idea by giving explanation, details and/or examples to support the main idea. Length can vary. On the page, the paragraph is a solid block of writing (like this!) To start a new paragraph, you should leave a whole line and start at the beginning of the line after. You can indent - if handwriting (start about 2 cm from the left), but this is not necessary if you have left a line. | |||||||||||||||
Paragraphs are used to separate main ideas. A new paragraph signals to the reader that a new idea is about to be discussed. The break between paragraphs gives the reader time to take in each idea. | |||||||||||||||
There is no one correct structure. However, a useful structure is: | |||||||||||||||
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Another way of explaining the 3 parts of a paragraph is to describe these parts like this: | |||||||||||||||
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Planning is essential. Even in situations where time is limited, you should plan by briefly noting your points. | |||||||||||||||
A plan can look like this: | |||||||||||||||
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When you are planning, Jot down Just enough to remind you of your points. | |||||||||||||||
Number your points so that when you write you know what order you are going to write them in. | |||||||||||||||
WRITING... | |||||||||||||||
For an assessment task, you will probably need to | |||||||||||||||
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Sometimes writing sounds jerky when read. You can make your paragraph more flowing by: | |||||||||||||||
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Warning! Of course, the focus of the sentence may change if you start a different wall - be sure it is what you want! | |||||||||||||||
FINALLY... | |||||||||||||||
The paragraph is basic to most writing styles. It is worth spending some time getting it right. | |||||||||||||||
Tuesday, March 30, 2010
http://grammar.about.com
Coherence Strategies: Transitional Words and Phrases
By Richard Nordquist, About.com Guide
Here we'll consider how transitional words and phrases can help make our writing clear, coherent, and cohesive.
As we've seen, a key quality of an effective paragraph is unity. A unified paragraph sticks to one topic from start to finish, with every sentence contributing to the central purpose and main idea of that paragraph.
But a strong paragraph is more than just a collection of loose sentences. Those sentences need to be clearly connected so that readers can follow along, recognizing how one detail leads to the next. A paragraph with clearly connected sentences is said to be coherent andcohesive.
The following paragraph is unified and coherent. Notice how the italicized words and phrases (called transitions) guide us along, helping us see how one detail leads to the next.
Why I Don't Make My Bed
Ever since I moved into my own apartment last fall, I have gotten out of the habit of making my bed--except on Fridays, of course, when I change the sheets. Although some people may think that I am a slob, I have some sound reasons for breaking the bed-making habit. In the first place, I am not concerned about maintaining a tidy bedroom because no one except me ever ventures in there. If there is ever a fire inspection or a surprise date, I suppose I can dash in there to fluff up the pillow and slap on a spread.Otherwise, I am not bothered. In addition, I find nothing uncomfortable about crawling into a rumpled mass of sheets and blankets.On the contrary, I enjoy poking out a cozy space for myself before drifting off to sleep.Also, I think that a tightly made bed is downright uncomfortable: entering one makes me feel like a loaf of bread being wrapped and sealed. Finally, and most importantly, I think bed-making is an awful way to waste time in the morning. I would rather spend those precious minutes checking my email or feeding the cat than tucking in corners or snapping the spread.
Transitional words and phrases guide readers from one sentence to the next. Although they most often appear at the beginning of a sentence, they may also show up after thesubject. Here are the common transitional expressions, grouped according to the type of relationship shown by each.
1. Addition Transitions
- and
also
besides
first, second, third
in addition
in the first place, in the second place, in the third place
furthermore
moreover
to begin with, next, finally
Example
In the first place, no "burning" in the sense of combustion, as in the burning of wood, occurs in a volcano; moreover, volcanoes are not necessarily mountains; furthermore, the activity takes place not always at the summit but more commonly on the sides or flanks; and finally, the "smoke" is not smoke but condensed steam.
(Fred Bullard, Volcanoes in History)
2. Cause-Effect Transitions
- accordingly
and so
as a result
consequently
for this reason
hence
so
then
therefore
thus
Example
The ideologue is often brilliant. Consequently some of us distrust brilliance when we should distrust the ideologue.
(Clifton Fadiman)
3. Comparison Transitions
- by the same token
in like manner
in the same way
in similar fashion
likewise
similarly
Example
When you start with a portrait and search for a pure form, a clear volume, through successive eliminations, you arrive inevitably at the egg. Likewise, starting with the egg and following the same process in reverse, one finishes with the portrait.
(Pablo Picasso)
4. Contrast Transitions
- but
however
in contrast
instead
nevertheless
on the contrary
on the other hand
still
yet
Example
Every American, to the last man, lays claim to a “sense” of humor and guards it as his most significant spiritual trait, yet rejects humor as a contaminating element wherever found. America is a nation of comics and comedians; nevertheless, humor has no stature and is accepted only after the death of the perpetrator.
(E. B. White)
5. Conclusion and Summary Transitions
- and so
after all
at last
finally
in brief
in closing
in conclusion
on the whole
to conclude
to summarize
Example
Reporters are not paid to operate in retrospect. Because when news begins to solidify into current events and finally harden into history, it is the stories we didn’t write, the questions we didn’t ask that prove far, far more damaging than the ones we did.
(Anna Quindlen)
6. Example Transitions
- as an example
for example
for instance
specifically
thus
to illustrate
Example
With all the ingenuity involved in hiding delicacies on the body, this process automatically excludes certain foods. For example, a turkey sandwich is welcome, but the cumbersome cantaloupe is not.
(Steve Martin, "How to Fold Soup")
7. Insistence Transitions
- in fact
indeed
no
yes
Example
The joy of giving is indeed a pleasure, especially when you get rid of something you don’t want.
(Frank Butler, Going My Way)
8. Place Transitions
- above
alongside
beneath
beyond
farther along
in back
in front
nearby
on top of
to the left
to the right
under
upon
Example
What did it matter where you lay once you were dead? In a dirty sump or in a marble toweron top of a high hill? You were dead, you were sleeping the big sleep, you were not bothered by things like that.
(Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep)
9. Restatement Transitions
- in other words
in short
in simpler terms
that is
to put it differently
to repeat
Example
Anthropologist Geoffrey Gorer studied the few peaceful human tribes and discovered one common characteristic: sex roles were not polarized. Differences of dress and occupation were at a minimum. Society in other words, was not using sexual blackmail as a way of getting women to do cheap labor, or men to be aggressive.
(Gloria Steinem, "What It Would Be Like If Women Win")
10. Time Transitions
- afterward
at the same time
currently
earlier
formerly
immediately
in the future
in the meantime
in the past
later
meanwhile
previously
simultaneously
subsequently
then
until now
Example
At first a toy, then a mode of transportation for the rich, the automobile was designed as man's mechanical servant. Later it became part of the pattern of living.
Monday, March 29, 2010
Cash coupons
STRAIGHT DRIVE
THE GOVERNMENT PLANS TO REPLACE ITS SUBSIDY MECHANISM WITH COUPONS/CASH DELIVERED DIRECTLY TO POOR HOUSEHOLDS.
WIDE SUPPORT Delhi government is debating direct cash payments to poor households to buy kerosene from the market instead of selling heavily subsidised fuel The economic survey had also make a strong pitch for use of vouchers to deliver food and subsidy Economic Advisor to finance ministry Kaushik Basu is a strong proponent of the system
How will direct transfers of subsidy help Ensures targeted delivery of subsidy Prevents leakage and cornereing Better management of subsidy can bring down government’s bill Allows market forces to dictate prices and thereby discourages wasteful consumption
How does direct transfer work Instead of asking beneficiaries to buy subsidies stuff from dedicated shops they are given coupons These coupons can be used by households for open mkt purchases A number of private companies have forged tie-ups with private providers of food coupons to incentivise their employees These food coupons recognised at merchant establishments can be used by the employees to buy groceries or at restaurants The same principle can be applied in the case of fertiliser and kerosene
Pitfalls of direct transfers Could be sold off by the recipient at a discount The coupons could as easily reach those who do not need the subsidy Could beused by recipients to buy other things than food
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE The United States passed a legislation on food stamps in 1977 The system of direct transfers in now implemented through electronic debit and ATM card system accepted at most grocery stores The card gets topped with cash subsidy at the beginning of every month which can be used for making payments Caters to over 35 million people very month African nation Malawi has introduced a large-scale input subsidy programme using vouchers UAE has a experimented successfully with books coupons for children
INDIAN EXPERIENCE Andhra Pradesh has issued ration cards with bar coded coupons for buying rice and kerosene Jammu & Kashmir has issued ration card booklets with 24 months for buying provisions Bihar has provided monthly food coupons for wheat & rice to BPL families
If some people sell off the coupons, don't try to set up an elaborate bureaucratic machinery to stop this. Even if the coupon gets sold, someone somewhere will use that to buy food and the poor household that sold it off at least got money in exchange KAUSHIK BASU, C H I E F E C O N O M I C A D V I S O R
Thursday, March 25, 2010
EDUCATION
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Attitude
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